Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)要求在SQL中的WHERE子句使用的項(xiàng)不超過(guò)1000。否則，就會(huì)引發(fā)ORA-01795錯(cuò)誤。如果值需要與超過(guò)1000的值進(jìn)行比較，就必須使用IN。那么這個(gè)規(guī)則對(duì)PostgreSQL是否也同樣有約束呢？下面，我們寫一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的程序來(lái)找出這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案。

這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的測(cè)試應(yīng)用程序，有一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的表即可在Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中使用，也可用在PostgreSQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中使用。

Oracle: 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)單列的表并插入一行

CREATE TABLE numeral(numeral1 number);
INSERT INTO numeral (numeral1) VALUES (15);

PostgreSQL:創(chuàng)建一個(gè)單列的表并插入一行

CREATE TABLE numeral(numeral1 numeric);
INSERT INTO numeral (numeral1) VALUES (15);

構(gòu)建SQL查詢

使用Java8創(chuàng)建一個(gè)查詢，用來(lái)測(cè)試值大于1000的IN子句。下面的代碼可以完成這樣的步驟。

final String queryPrefix = "SELECT numeral1 FROM numeral WHERE numeral1 IN ";
final String inClauseTarget =
   IntStream.range(1, numberOfInValues+1).boxed().map(String::valueOf).collect(Collectors.joining(",", "(", ")"));
final String select = queryPrefix + inClauseTarget;

最后在列表中顯示的字符串如下所示：

SELECT numeral1 FROM numeral WHERE numeral1 IN (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,
42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,
80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,
113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,
140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,
167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,
194,195,196,197,198,199,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,216,217,218,219,220,
221,222,223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233,234,235,236,237,238,239,240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,
248,249,250,251,252,253,254,255,256,257,258,259,260,261,262,263,264,265,266,267,268,269,270,271,272,273,274,
275,276,277,278,279,280,281,282,283,284,285,286,287,288,289,290,291,292,293,294,295,296,297,298,299,300,301,
302,303,304,305,306,307,308,309,310,311,312,313,314,315,316,317,318,319,320,321,322,323,324,325,326,327,328,
329,330,331,332,333,334,335,336,337,338,339,340,341,342,343,344,345,346,347,348,349,350,351,352,353,354,355,
356,357,358,359,360,361,362,363,364,365,366,367,368,369,370,371,372,373,374,375,376,377,378,379,380,381,382,
383,384,385,386,387,388,389,390,391,392,393,394,395,396,397,398,399,400,401,402,403,404,405,406,407,408,409,
410,411,412,413,414,415,416,417,418,419,420,421,422,423,424,425,426,427,428,429,430,431,432,433,434,435,436,
437,438,439,440,441,442,443,444,445,446,447,448,449,450,451,452,453,454,455,456,457,458,459,460,461,462,463,
464,465,466,467,468,469,470,471,472,473,474,475,476,477,478,479,480,481,482,483,484,485,486,487,488,489,490,
491,492,493,494,495,496,497,498,499,500,501,502,503,504,505,506,507,508,509,510,511,512,513,514,515,516,517,
518,519,520,521,522,523,524,525,526,527,528,529,530,531,532,533,534,535,536,537,538,539,540,541,542,543,544,
545,546,547,548,549,550,551,552,553,554,555,556,557,558,559,560,561,562,563,564,565,566,567,568,569,570,571,
572,573,574,575,576,577,578,579,580,581,582,583,584,585,586,587,588,589,590,591,592,593,594,595,596,597,598,
599,600,601,602,603,604,605,606,607,608,609,610,611,612,613,614,615,616,617,618,619,620,621,622,623,624,625,
626,627,628,629,630,631,632,633,634,635,636,637,638,639,640,641,642,643,644,645,646,647,648,649,650,651,652,
653,654,655,656,657,658,659,660,661,662,663,664,665,666,667,668,669,670,671,672,673,674,675,676,677,678,679,
680,681,682,683,684,685,686,687,688,689,690,691,692,693,694,695,696,697,698,699,700,701,702,703,704,705,706,
707,708,709,710,711,712,713,714,715,716,717,718,719,720,721,722,723,724,725,726,727,728,729,730,731,732,733,
734,735,736,737,738,739,740,741,742,743,744,745,746,747,748,749,750,751,752,753,754,755,756,757,758,759,760,
761,762,763,764,765,766,767,768,769,770,771,772,773,774,775,776,777,778,779,780,781,782,783,784,785,786,787,
788,789,790,791,792,793,794,795,796,797,798,799,800,801,802,803,804,805,806,807,808,809,810,811,812,813,814,
815,816,817,818,819,820,821,822,823,824,825,826,827,828,829,830,831,832,833,834,835,836,837,838,839,840,841,
842,843,844,845,846,847,848,849,850,851,852,853,854,855,856,857,858,859,860,861,862,863,864,865,866,867,868,
869,870,871,872,873,874,875,876,877,878,879,880,881,882,883,884,885,886,887,888,889,890,891,892,893,894,895,
896,897,898,899,900,901,902,903,904,905,906,907,908,909,910,911,912,913,914,915,916,917,918,919,920,921,922,
923,924,925,926,927,928,929,930,931,932,933,934,935,936,937,938,939,940,941,942,943,944,945,946,947,948,949,
950,951,952,953,954,955,956,957,958,959,960,961,962,963,964,965,966,967,968,969,970,971,972,973,974,975,976,
977,978,979,980,981,982,983,984,985,986,987,988,989,990,991,992,993,994,995,996,997,998,999,1000,1001)

運(yùn)行查詢

當(dāng)在Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)執(zhí)行上面的SQL查詢語(yǔ)句時(shí)，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)ORA-01795錯(cuò)誤：

java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException: ORA-01795: maximum number of expressions in a list is 1000

而在PostgreSQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中沒(méi)有這樣的限制，如下所示:

15

用來(lái)證明以上結(jié)果的完整Java類，請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊查看

結(jié)論

在使用Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)時(shí)，我們需要使用別的方法來(lái)避免出現(xiàn)ORA-01795錯(cuò)誤。但在PostgreSQL中，當(dāng)值多達(dá)一百萬(wàn)時(shí)，它依然能夠處理，雖然處理速度有些慢。