最近做了一個在線組卷的項目。主要功能實現(xiàn)word排版、預(yù)覽，生成試卷。剛開始涉及到word操作一心想到的就是 office COM組件來操作word 。大概兩周時間就寫好整個系統(tǒng)的代碼。然后就開始反復(fù)測試，本地感覺良好，能夠順利生成一份word試卷，并且性能還行。于是迫不及待的發(fā)布到了服務(wù)器。
下面說說發(fā)布遇到的一些情況，首先一個就是遇到索 COM 類工廠中 CLSID 為 {000209FF-0000-0000-C000-000000000046} 的組件失敗，原因是出現(xiàn)以下錯誤: 8000401a 因為配置標(biāo)識不正確，系統(tǒng)無法開始服務(wù)器進程。請檢查用戶名和密碼。 (異常來自 HRESULT:0x8000401A)。
首先這中問題全都是權(quán)限所導(dǎo)致，解決的辦法只要配置權(quán)限就可以了。不光對excel和word有用，對所有的office產(chǎn)品都有效果。
進入正題，首先，在運行中輸入dcomcnfg打開組件服務(wù)管理器->組件服務(wù)->我的電腦->DCOM->找到對應(yīng)的Microsoft excel applicotion/Microsoft word 97-2003文檔，然后右鍵屬性激活啟動權(quán)限都給足夠了就ok了。 --------沒問題這個問題解決了。
下面再說說第二個情況》性能問題：由于我們該系統(tǒng)是我們網(wǎng)站下一個子系統(tǒng)。所以有一定的用戶基礎(chǔ)。該系統(tǒng)一上線就有大量的用戶訪問。剛開始一天組卷四五百份，慢慢的組卷量越來越大，這是系統(tǒng)就開始出問題了。首先一個就是在進程里面出現(xiàn)了很多 winWord.exe進程。不能結(jié)束掉。雖然系統(tǒng)代碼里面Quit進程，并且對資源也進行了回收，但是問題始終得不到解決。大量winword.exe進程的后果就是服務(wù)器變慢了。應(yīng)為該組件辦本身就特別耗內(nèi)存。
沒辦法問題要解決呀。最后的無賴之舉就是KIll 寫了一個定時服務(wù)，定時Kill掉沒有運行的winword進程。這樣做治標(biāo)不治本的。、
這里要說一下微軟Office是主要針對普通用戶開發(fā)的桌面辦公應(yīng)用軟件，它具有豐富的UI（用戶界面）元素，是一套純粹的本地運行軟件或者說是客戶端軟件。Word自動化接口主要是為了方便窗口應(yīng)用程序調(diào)用而設(shè)計的。例如Delphi、VB、C# Winform等開發(fā)的本地應(yīng)用程序。雖然可以強制Visible為false，Word可以運行在服務(wù)器端代碼里，但畢竟還是會帶來許多棘手問題。
1. ASP.NET是基于B/S架構(gòu)的。B/S架構(gòu)下用戶訪問都是并發(fā)的，也就是說經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)同時N個用戶對一個服務(wù)器頁面發(fā)出請求。在這種情況下Word自動化調(diào)用會時常出現(xiàn)死進程。
2. 由于隱藏界面運行，一些涉及界面的可以在窗口程序里成功調(diào)用的接口，在服務(wù)器端調(diào)用就會失敗，甚至崩潰，這種情況也會經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致死進程。
3. 由于Word是復(fù)雜的桌面程序，并不符合一般Web服務(wù)程序簡潔高效的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，所以在服務(wù)器端運行時速度慢，并且還會消耗大量資源(CPU、內(nèi)存)，尤其不能支持大量用戶同時訪問，資源會很快耗盡。
4. 絕大部分開發(fā)者對COM技術(shù)比較陌生，在編程調(diào)用Word接口時經(jīng)常存在一些代碼錯誤，而又很難檢查到問題所在，這又是導(dǎo)致死進程的經(jīng)常因素。Word死進程不僅會消耗服務(wù)器資源，還經(jīng)常會導(dǎo)致服務(wù)器頁面不能創(chuàng)建新的Word自動化對象而無法繼續(xù)工作。有網(wǎng)友提出死進程解決方法：編程Kill掉Word死進程，這樣是治標(biāo)不治本的做法，Word死進程是不在了，可是Word非正常關(guān)閉會導(dǎo)致很多資源無法及時釋放。這樣的Web服務(wù)器能持續(xù)工作多久恐怕就很難說了。
為了解決這些問題，筆者經(jīng)過全面研究比較，發(fā)現(xiàn)aspose.words完全消除了以上問題，推薦給大家分享。
好消息！來慧都 買正版,慧都控件網(wǎng)2014年終大促于11月正式開始啦!現(xiàn)在購買aspose.words黃金版白金版享受8折優(yōu)惠,還在等什么？
下面我把aspose.words組件的一些操作代碼分享給大家希望對需要的人有所幫助:
private DocumentBuilder oWordApplic; // a reference to Word application
private Aspose.Words.Document oDoc; // a reference to the document
public void OpenWithTemplate(string strFileName)
{
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(strFileName))
{
oDoc = new Aspose.Words.Document(strFileName);
}
}
public void Open()
{
oDoc = new Aspose.Words.Document();
}
public void Builder()
{
oWordApplic = new DocumentBuilder(oDoc);
}
/// <summary>
/// 保存文件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="strFileName"></param>
public void SaveAs(string strFileName)
{
if (this.Docversion == 2007)
{
oDoc.Save(strFileName,SaveFormat.Docx);
}else
{
oDoc.Save(strFileName,SaveFormat.Doc);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 添加內(nèi)容
/// </summary>
/// <param name="strText"></param>
public void InsertText(string strText, double conSize, bool conBold, string conAlign)
{
oWordApplic.Bold = conBold;
oWordApplic.Font.Size = conSize;
switch (conAlign)
{
case "left":
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Left;
break;
case "center":
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Center;
break;
case "right":
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Right;
break;
default:
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Left;
break;
}
oWordApplic.Writeln(strText);
}
/// <summary>
/// 添加內(nèi)容
/// </summary>
/// <param name="strText"></param>
public void WriteText(string strText, double conSize, bool conBold, string conAlign)
{
oWordApplic.Bold = conBold;
oWordApplic.Font.Size = conSize;
switch (conAlign)
{
case "left":
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Left;
break;
case "center":
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Center;
break;
case "right":
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Right;
break;
default:
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Left;
break;
}
oWordApplic.Write(strText);
}
#region 設(shè)置紙張
public void setPaperSize(string papersize)
{
switch (papersize)
{
case "A4":
foreach (Aspose.Words.Section section in oDoc)
{
section.PageSetup.PaperSize = PaperSize.A4;
section.PageSetup.Orientation = Orientation.Portrait;
section.PageSetup.VerticalAlignment = Aspose.Words.PageVerticalAlignment.Top;
}
break;
case "A4H"://A4橫向
foreach (Aspose.Words.Section section in oDoc)
{
section.PageSetup.PaperSize = PaperSize.A4;
section.PageSetup.Orientation = Orientation.Landscape;
section.PageSetup.TextColumns.SetCount(2);
section.PageSetup.TextColumns.EvenlySpaced = true;
section.PageSetup.TextColumns.LineBetween =true;
//section.PageSetup.LeftMargin = double.Parse("3.35");
//section.PageSetup.RightMargin =double.Parse("0.99");
}
break;
case "A3":
foreach (Aspose.Words.Section section in oDoc)
{
section.PageSetup.PaperSize = PaperSize.A3;
section.PageSetup.Orientation = Orientation.Portrait;
}
break;
case "A3H"://A3橫向
foreach (Aspose.Words.Section section in oDoc)
{
section.PageSetup.PaperSize = PaperSize.A3;
section.PageSetup.Orientation = Orientation.Landscape;
section.PageSetup.TextColumns.SetCount(2);
section.PageSetup.TextColumns.EvenlySpaced = true;
section.PageSetup.TextColumns.LineBetween = true;
}
break;
case "16K":
foreach (Aspose.Words.Section section in oDoc)
{
section.PageSetup.PaperSize = PaperSize.B5;
section.PageSetup.Orientation = Orientation.Portrait;
}
break;
case "8KH":
foreach (Aspose.Words.Section section in oDoc)
{
section.PageSetup.PageWidth = double.Parse("36.4 ");//紙張寬度
section.PageSetup.PageHeight = double.Parse("25.7");//紙張高度
section.PageSetup.Orientation = Orientation.Landscape;
section.PageSetup.TextColumns.SetCount(2);
section.PageSetup.TextColumns.EvenlySpaced = true;
section.PageSetup.TextColumns.LineBetween = true;
//section.PageSetup.LeftMargin = double.Parse("3.35");
//section.PageSetup.RightMargin = double.Parse("0.99");
}
break;
}
}
#endregion
public void SetHeade(string strBookmarkName, string text)
{
if (oDoc.Range.Bookmarks[strBookmarkName] != null)
{
Aspose.Words.Bookmark mark = oDoc.Range.Bookmarks[strBookmarkName];
mark.Text = text;
}
}
public void InsertFile(string vfilename)
{
Aspose.Words.Document srcDoc = new Aspose.Words.Document(vfilename);
Node insertAfterNode = oWordApplic.CurrentParagraph.PreviousSibling;
InsertDocument(insertAfterNode, oDoc, srcDoc);
}
public void InsertFile(string vfilename, string strBookmarkName,int pNum)
{
//Aspose.Words.Document srcDoc = new Aspose.Words.Document(vfilename);
//Aspose.Words.Bookmark bookmark = oDoc.Range.Bookmarks[strBookmarkName];
//InsertDocument(bookmark.BookmarkStart.ParentNode, srcDoc);
//替換插入word內(nèi)容
oWordApplic.Document.Range.Replace(new System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex(strBookmarkName),
new InsertDocumentAtReplaceHandler(vfilename, pNum), false);
}
/// <summary>
/// 插入word內(nèi)容
/// </summary>
/// <param name="insertAfterNode"></param>
/// <param name="mainDoc"></param>
/// <param name="srcDoc"></param>
public static void InsertDocument(Node insertAfterNode, Aspose.Words.Document mainDoc, Aspose.Words.Document srcDoc)
{
// Make sure that the node is either a pargraph or table.
if ((insertAfterNode.NodeType != NodeType.Paragraph)
& (insertAfterNode.NodeType != NodeType.Table))
throw new Exception("The destination node should be either a paragraph or table.");
//We will be inserting into the parent of the destination paragraph.
CompositeNode dstStory = insertAfterNode.ParentNode;
//Remove empty paragraphs from the end of document
while (null != srcDoc.LastSection.Body.LastParagraph && !srcDoc.LastSection.Body.LastParagraph.HasChildNodes)
{
srcDoc.LastSection.Body.LastParagraph.Remove();
}
NodeImporter importer = new NodeImporter(srcDoc, mainDoc, ImportFormatMode.KeepSourceFormatting);
//Loop through all sections in the source document.
int sectCount = srcDoc.Sections.Count;
for (int sectIndex = 0; sectIndex < sectCount; sectIndex++)
{
Aspose.Words.Section srcSection = srcDoc.Sections[sectIndex];
//Loop through all block level nodes (paragraphs and tables) in the body of the section.
int nodeCount = srcSection.Body.ChildNodes.Count;
for (int nodeIndex = 0; nodeIndex < nodeCount; nodeIndex++)
{
Node srcNode = srcSection.Body.ChildNodes[nodeIndex];
Node newNode = importer.ImportNode(srcNode, true);
dstStory.InsertAfter(newNode, insertAfterNode);
insertAfterNode = newNode;
}
}
}
static void InsertDocument(Node insertAfterNode, Aspose.Words.Document srcDoc)
{
// Make sure that the node is either a paragraph or table.
if ((!insertAfterNode.NodeType.Equals(NodeType.Paragraph)) &
(!insertAfterNode.NodeType.Equals(NodeType.Table)))
throw new ArgumentException("The destination node should be either a paragraph or table.");
// We will be inserting into the parent of the destination paragraph.
CompositeNode dstStory = insertAfterNode.ParentNode;
// This object will be translating styles and lists during the import.
NodeImporter importer = new NodeImporter(srcDoc, insertAfterNode.Document, ImportFormatMode.KeepSourceFormatting);
// Loop through all sections in the source document.
foreach (Aspose.Words.Section srcSection in srcDoc.Sections)
{
// Loop through all block level nodes (paragraphs and tables) in the body of the section.
foreach (Node srcNode in srcSection.Body)
{
// Let's skip the node if it is a last empty paragraph in a section.
if (srcNode.NodeType.Equals(NodeType.Paragraph))
{
Aspose.Words.Paragraph para = (Aspose.Words.Paragraph)srcNode;
if (para.IsEndOfSection && !para.HasChildNodes)
continue;
}
// This creates a clone of the node, suitable for insertion into the destination document.
Node newNode = importer.ImportNode(srcNode, true);
// Insert new node after the reference node.
dstStory.InsertAfter(newNode, insertAfterNode);
insertAfterNode = newNode;
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 換行
/// </summary>
public void InsertLineBreak()
{
oWordApplic.InsertBreak(BreakType.LineBreak);
}
/// <summary>
/// 換多行
/// </summary>
/// <param name="nline"></param>
public void InsertLineBreak(int nline)
{
for (int i = 0; i < nline; i++)
oWordApplic.InsertBreak(BreakType.LineBreak);
}
#region InsertScoreTable
public bool InsertScoreTable(bool dishand, bool distab, string handText)
{
try
{
oWordApplic.StartTable();//開始畫Table
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Left;
//添加Word表格
oWordApplic.InsertCell();
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Width = 115.0;
oWordApplic.CellFormat.PreferredWidth = Aspose.Words.Tables.PreferredWidth.FromPoints(115);
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Borders.LineStyle = LineStyle.None;
oWordApplic.StartTable();//開始畫Table
oWordApplic.RowFormat.Height = 20.2;
oWordApplic.InsertCell();
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Borders.LineStyle = LineStyle.Single;
oWordApplic.Font.Size = 10.5;
oWordApplic.Bold = false;
oWordApplic.Write("評卷人");
oWordApplic.CellFormat.VerticalAlignment = Aspose.Words.Tables.CellVerticalAlignment.Center;//垂直居中對齊
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Center;
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Width = 50.0;
oWordApplic.CellFormat.PreferredWidth = Aspose.Words.Tables.PreferredWidth.FromPoints(50);
oWordApplic.RowFormat.Height = 20.0;
oWordApplic.InsertCell();
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Borders.LineStyle = LineStyle.Single;
oWordApplic.Font.Size = 10.5;
oWordApplic.Bold = false;
oWordApplic.Write("得分");
oWordApplic.CellFormat.VerticalAlignment = Aspose.Words.Tables.CellVerticalAlignment.Center;//垂直居中對齊
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Center;
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Width = 50.0;
oWordApplic.CellFormat.PreferredWidth = Aspose.Words.Tables.PreferredWidth.FromPoints(50);
oWordApplic.EndRow();
oWordApplic.RowFormat.Height = 25.0;
oWordApplic.InsertCell();
oWordApplic.RowFormat.Height = 25.0;
oWordApplic.InsertCell();
oWordApplic.EndRow();
oWordApplic.EndTable();
oWordApplic.InsertCell();
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Width = 300.0;
oWordApplic.CellFormat.PreferredWidth = Aspose.Words.Tables.PreferredWidth.Auto;
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Borders.LineStyle = LineStyle.None;
oWordApplic.CellFormat.VerticalAlignment = Aspose.Words.Tables.CellVerticalAlignment.Center;//垂直居中對齊
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Left;
oWordApplic.Font.Size = 11;
oWordApplic.Bold = true;
oWordApplic.Write(handText);
oWordApplic.EndRow();
oWordApplic.RowFormat.Height = 28;
oWordApplic.EndTable();
return true;
}
catch
{
return false;
}
}
#endregion
#region 插入表格
public bool InsertTable(System.Data.DataTable dt, bool haveBorder)
{
Aspose.Words.Tables.Table table= oWordApplic.StartTable();//開始畫Table
ParagraphAlignment paragraphAlignmentValue = oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment;
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Center;
//添加Word表格
for (int row = 0; row < dt.Rows.Count; row++)
{
oWordApplic.RowFormat.Height =25;
for (int col = 0; col < dt.Columns.Count; col++)
{
oWordApplic.InsertCell();
oWordApplic.Font.Size = 10.5;
oWordApplic.Font.Name = "宋體";
oWordApplic.CellFormat.VerticalAlignment = Aspose.Words.Tables.CellVerticalAlignment.Center;//垂直居中對齊
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Center;//水平居中對齊
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Width = 50.0;
oWordApplic.CellFormat.PreferredWidth = Aspose.Words.Tables.PreferredWidth.FromPoints(50);
if (haveBorder == true)
{
//設(shè)置外框樣式
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Borders.LineStyle = LineStyle.Single;
//樣式設(shè)置結(jié)束
}
oWordApplic.Write(dt.Rows[row][col].ToString());
}
oWordApplic.EndRow();
}
oWordApplic.EndTable();
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = paragraphAlignmentValue;
table.Alignment=Aspose.Words.Tables.TableAlignment.Center;
table.PreferredWidth = Aspose.Words.Tables.PreferredWidth.Auto;
return true;
}
#endregion
public void InsertPagebreak( )
{
oWordApplic.InsertBreak(BreakType.PageBreak);
}
public void InsertBookMark(string BookMark)
{
oWordApplic.StartBookmark(BookMark);
oWordApplic.EndBookmark(BookMark);
}
public void GotoBookMark(string strBookMarkName)
{
oWordApplic.MoveToBookmark(strBookMarkName);
}
public void ClearBookMark()
{
oDoc.Range.Bookmarks.Clear();
}
public void ReplaceText(string oleText, string newText)
{
//System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex reg = new System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex(oleText);
oDoc.Range.Replace(oleText, newText, false,false);
}
private class InsertDocumentAtReplaceHandler : IReplacingCallback
{
private string vfilename;
private int pNum;
public InsertDocumentAtReplaceHandler(string filename, int _pNum)
{
this.vfilename = filename;
this.pNum = _pNum;
}
ReplaceAction IReplacingCallback.Replacing(ReplacingArgs e)
{
Document subDoc = new Document(this.vfilename);
subDoc.FirstSection.Body.FirstParagraph.InsertAfter(new Run(subDoc, this.pNum + "."), null);
// Insert a document after the paragraph, containing the match text.
Node currentNode = e.MatchNode;
Paragraph para = (Paragraph)e.MatchNode.ParentNode;
InsertDocument(para, subDoc);
// Remove the paragraph with the match text.
e.MatchNode.Remove();
e.MatchNode.Range.Delete();
return ReplaceAction.Skip;
}
}
}
}
最后來看看生成的word試卷效果:
來源：CSDN
標(biāo)簽：
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文章轉(zhuǎn)載自：慧都控件網(wǎng)
金喜正規(guī)買球 
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